| Theory and Philosophy of Leadership |
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This module is the core of the syllabus and provides the backbone to the complete MIL programme. It links all the other activities of the workshop programme, giving the MIL experience another individual dimension. At the end of this module, MIL graduates will have understood the processes, situations and systems of leadership, and will be inspired to challenge - not necessarily follow – populist management trends. They will develop confidence in their own analysis of their situation and strategic options, and will have the historical background to construct compelling arguments to persuade their backers to share their confidence. Semester 1 TPL 1 Making Money or Creating Value: A Conflict of Priorities TPL 2 The Essential Nature of Modern Technology and its Origins in Europe TPL 3 The Characterisation of Modern Technology TPL 4 The Essential Goodness and the Corruption of Modern Technology TPL 5 'On Leadership in General' TPL 6 The Varieties of Leadership TPL 7 Leadership and Management TPL 8 The Concepts of Direct and Indirect Leadership and Their Regular and Irregular Forms TPL 9 Anarchistic Systems and Chaotic Systems TPL 10 Taxonomies of Leadership as Taxonomies of Power Structure and Knowledge Relations Semester 2 The Theory and Philosophy of Leadership Winter Executive Programme or 'Winter School' of previous years will be replaced in 2008 with a programme of two seperate weeks of seminars in June and September with a period of individual study over the summer break. The theme of the 2008 seminars has yet to be finalised. As a guide to prospective MIL and Fellowship participants, the programme for the 2007 Winter School follows. Winter Executive Programme: Leading European Industry in an Era of Asian Industrial Supremacy (Two Weeks: 19th-23rd February and 26th - 30th March 2007) The objectives of the 2007 Winter School are to identify and to understand the main tendencies currently dominating in industries world-wide and to relate these to their social environments. Thie two seperate weeks of the Winter School are designed to promote the discerning, discretionary and anticipatory powers of leaders and potential leaders of industries as they work within this emerging environment. By its nature the programme of the School is flexible and its outcome is left open. On a similar ‘voyage of discovery’ the first EIIL Winter School concluded that only by transforming Europe into much more of ‘an understanding society’, than a ‘ knowledge society’ could Europe survive industrially and socially in an era of Asian industrial predominance, such as was expected to be realised around 2020, when Asia should regain at least the position that it last held in 1750, when it accounted for 73 percent of the world’s industrial production. The 2007 School will build on this conclusion, and will take participants through ‘the watershed year’ of 2006 in which, under the ‘air cover’ of the powers of persuasion of the new or upgraded Arabic, Chinese, French and Russian television channels broadcasting in the English, French, German and Spanish languages, most of the Belgium, British, Dutch, French and Luxembourg steel industries were acquired by nominally ‘Third World’ business interests, while substantial parts of the German and US steel industries were acquired by Russian interests. Using several additional examples the Winter School will demonstrate the change in attitude that also became evident during 2006 towards direct inward investment, whereby the value of the knowledge content of the investment increasingly comes to take precedence over its financial content, and the immense changes which are simultaneously developing in the financial markets and which are having a major impact on industrial development, or rather lack of development, most obviously in the UK and the USA, but also to some extent as well in ‘Continental Europe’. The first week will consider ‘The Big Picture’ and will describe, illustrate and analyse the the acceleration of this Hidden Pendulum towards Asian Industrial supremacy. The second week of the school will illustrate the characteristic strengths still evident in European industry and through one major, and several other illustrative case studies will explore where and how European industry is to respond to the Asian challenge. Week 1: (19th - 23rd February 2007) The Atlanticist Illusion - An Unsustainable Success Story ? 2006 is seen to have been ‘the watershed year’ where Europe is threatened to loosing itself by ignoring the power shift of Idustry to Asia. This new development of ‘Third World’ business interests has been reinforced by the acompanying development in the ‘technologies of persuation’ in terms of ‘providing air cover’ for the industrial initiative. Examples of aquisitions of the steel industry & has been ‘cherry-picking’ Europes outstanding executive talent. These examples will be related to the change in attitude that also became evident during 2006 towards direct inward investment, whereby the value of the knowledge content of the investment increasingly comes to take precedence over its financial content in several countries that are otherwise as different as China and Venezuela. A special place will be given in this 2007 School to a subject that has previously been avoided, namely the immense changes that are continuing in the financial markets and which are having a major impact on industrial development, or rather lack of development, most obviously in the UK and the USA, but also to some extent as well in ‘Continental Europe’. The condition of the Asian challenge has developed from out of an analysis of the symbiosis obtaining between an ongoing mutation from a ‘modern’ into a ‘post-modern’ condition of a society (that is, from a society of ‘knowers’ into a society of ‘consumers of knowledge’) The last day of this week will be spent examining the concept of the Knowledge Society. Workshop 1: The Hidden Pendulum – The Changing Balance of World Economic Power 19th – 20th February 2007 With a synergic combination of industrialisation and colonisation, the era of imperialism saw Europe’s share of world manufacturing output increased from 23 percent to 62 percent between 1750 and 1900, whilst what we now call ‘The Third World’ decreased from 73 percent to 11 percent, with China falling from 32.8 percent to 6.2 percent and India/Pakistan from 24.5 percent to 1.7 percent. Whereas the per-capita levels of industrialisation in Europe and the Third World may have been not too far apart from each other in 1750, the Third World had only one-eighteenth of the Europe‘s (2 percent to 35 percent) by 1900, and only one fiftieth of the United Kingdom’s (2 percent to 100 percent).The Winter school will use the metaphor of a pendulum to describe this swing in fortunes and to characterise the massive change that occurred in these fortunes over 150 years, after some millennia in which a relative stability had been maintained, and thence the even more dramatic and much more rapid change that is occurring in the opposite direction today. That the pendulum has started to move back is still almost completely misunderstood today in the West. This seminar will discuss this state of denial in the world of Western politics such as is strongly supported by the Western media, so that if we are to understand anything at all of the dynamics of this hidden pendulum as it now swings back to its 1750 state of industrial dominance of Asian and related ‘Third World’ societies we must also consider this occulting influence of the Western political and media forces. Almost everyone is aware of something called ‘Asian competition’, however, this seminar will explain the essential nature of the new kind of competitive advantage enjoyed by these Asian societies, explaining its sociotechnical foundations and so basing itself upon a proper understanding of the new relations that are arising between people and equipment within post-modern conditions. Tracing the transformation/mutation of present-day societies that are based upon promoting ever larger numbers of ‘knowers’ (as so-called ‘knowledge societies’) into those that are promoting ever larger numbers of ‘consumers of knowledge’, as experts in the acquisition, employment and disposal of wide ranges of knowledges (as ‘understanding societies’), this seminar will then briefly explore the necessary development of new ways of organising working arrangements, enabling the development of self-structuring and so self-managing groups that are far more flexible and adaptable than are existing tightly-coupled and over-managed structures. The seminar will therefore identify and characterise a specific combination and interaction of processes that are driving the acceleration of The Hidden Pendulum in order to better understand these both in themselves and in their interactions, the various, essentially qualitative, factors that have come into synergy as they drive this transformation in the so-called ‘balance of economic power’. Workshop 2: Quantifyng the Dynamics of the Pendulum 21st February 2007 A few ‘old-fashioned’ economic indicators provide some first idea of the present position: steel production in Europe is some 16.5 percent and the USA, Canada and Mexico some 11.9 percent of an expected 2006 world production of some 1,200 million tons, while Asia, including Iran, has some 53 percent. China alone already accounts for at least 36 percent and so more than regaining its 1750 position by this particular measure. By this same measure, Europe is back to an era before 1750 and the USA is back to its position of 1870. China’s own steel production rose by 18.6 percent during the first eight months of 2006 alone. Similarly India increased its steel production by 15.3 percent over the same period. Even taking a more ‘modern’ measure, the consumption of aluminium, the basic picture remains much the same. China’s consumption exceeds by a large margin that of the EU and the USA together and is also approaching the per-capita consumptions of these ‘Western’ nations rapidly. With about 40 percent of the world total China’s consumption of cement is one measaure which links these others together. With a construction industry driven by a historically unprecedented production of new housing and infrastructure, and with China commissioning a major new electricity generating station every week, so that it is already installing every year the equivalent of the whole existing electricity generation capacity of the UK. This one-day seminar will discuss these developments as indicative of the fact that China’s growth is not so much driven by exports of manufactures – these serve primarily for earning foreign currency to pay for imports of raw materials and specialised equipment – but much more by internal investment of a kind that will raise the quality of life and thus the industrial competitiveness of its populations to a much higher level than in most other places, so that it may be expected that by 2020 China will have attained to something that we in Continental Europe can associate with a reasonable ‘quality of life’ – in so far as this can ever be represented in such gross quantitative terms. The seminar will look at this from different perspectives in order as to acquire a more complete picture of the vital phenomenon – and thereby to gain some better understanding that there is much more to the development of China that is hidden from the public gaze. Workshop 3: The Self-Immolation of the ‘Western World‘ The manner in which the European Peoples, represented by the six major colonising powers, who extended their own territories over most of the American and Australasian continents by conquest and frequent resort to genocide, and not so long ago had colonised the whole world with the exception of Iran, North East Asia and Thailand, is well known historically. However, and especially in more recent times, the shear enormities of the associated atrocities and depravities have been lost to the public view, obfuscated, covered over and thus occulted in most of the ‘Western’ history books, and have even in some cases been denied completely by these means. Today we say that “History is made in Hollywood” in the Western world, whereby, among so much else, the incredible illusion is created, at least in the minds of the peoples of the USA but in some other places too, that the USA is a ‘superpower’ with some kind of evangelical ‘saving mission’, and indeed that this is ‘the World’s only superpower’. As several prominent historians have observed, that the USA spends more on its armed forces than almost all the rest of the world put together is one of the natural responses of a nation that senses, even though only subconsciously, that it is in a state of terminal economic decline. This seminar will discuss that ‘The West’ is not really threatened very much at all by the reassertion of Asia industrial predominance, but it is threatened far more by its own destructive and self-destructive impulses. We will explain the origins of these impulses so that participants are better equipped to accommodate them and in some cases even perhaps oppose them. We will discuss an analysis of the deep spiritual and depth-psychological forces within the European peoples that led them to abuse, at first the peoples of the rest of the world and then their own selves to such extreme degrees, and thence of the sociotechnical means that they were the first to mobilise in order to achieve and maintain their domination for so long a time – and then subsequently employed to decimate one another. The seminar will discuss the concepts of nihilism and nothingness as essential to the understanding of one of the primary forces that are driving the pendulum of global industrial-economic transformation, and their manifestations through the technologies of persuasion. The second day of the seminar will discuss two phenomena that exemplify the self immolation of ‘The West’ at the present time and to the highest degree. The first has to do with the extraordinary lack of fixed capital investment, such as in new equipment, in The West, even as profits in the USA and the UK at least are at the highest levels for decades as proportions of gross domestic product. Moreover this is happening in an almost unprecedented environment of exceptionally cheap credit, and where the price of insuring credit is at rock bottom. Business investment, which takes time, and is hard, is increasingly squeezed, whereas company buy-back programmes, even funded by increased borrowing, offers instant gratification via the share price and the bringing forward for management of stock option bonuses. The second example is concerned with the rise and rise of what used to be called ‘venture capital’, now renamed as ‘private equity’ over the last few years. We will examine how private equity groups manage to provide a convenient way for companies to divest their non-core or underperforming units to such buy-out funds with little trouble and no public embarrassment, but no better example of the adage of the EIIL, that “the quickest way to make money is to destroy value”. We will discuss the more global consequences of this, and it’s the many other such ‘financial innovations’, when taken together, are however far more worrying and have been set out with increasing regularity during 2006 in the financial media. We will examine the ‘pyramid of debt’ thus created and discuss the possible consequences of ‘common mode failure’ of this highly coupled and inherently interdependent and unstable construct. Finally we will outline the traditional values and characteristics of continental European industry and outline how these might be the basis on which to build resistance to this self-immolation trend. Week 2: (26th - 30th March 2007) An Analysis of Leadership in a Sociotechnical World Day 1 - 26th March The second week of the EIIL Winter School begins by summarising the first with a case study of extreme self-immolation. The seminar will explore the effects of the disposal of state assets to the private sector in order to subsidise the ongoing expenses of the state. We will examine an economy where the richest 1 percent of the population saw their wealth increase from 18% of the national total in 1986 to 23% in 2002, or from 25% to 35% if property is included, while the poorest half of the population now have only 6% between them; a disparity of 200 to 1 - still substantially less than the USA and of many ‘Third-World’ nations of course, but considerably greater than any other West European nation. An immediate consequence of this process is the ever greater inefficiency of even that small part of the population (3.5 million out of a 60 million total population) who are still employed, at least officially, in manufacturing industry, with a consequent trade deficit of some 80 billion pounds a year, only 20 billion of which can be compensated by such ‘invisibles’ as financial services. It is such activities as these that are destroying European education as well as so much of its industry and its societies, needing no help at all from Asia generally, and certainly not from China in particular. This review, building on the results of the first week, hopefully sets the stage for the second week of the Winter School of the EIIL. Since this has so much to do with sociotechnology, we shall have the privilege of listening to Gillian Stamp during the afternoon. One of the subjects that she has been treating with UK senior civil servants and ministers is that of ‘Trust and Judgement in Decision Making’, a matter of central concern which should prepare the way, even if only as a disquieting challenge, to our deliberations of this week. Day 2 - 27th March How then is European industry to hold on to the 15 percent of the world’s industrial production that may enable it to sustain a commodious way of life, which in turn it will require if it is to have any chance of maintaining its competitiveness? To repeat another EIIL aphorism in answer to this question: “there can be no collaboration without competition, no competition without collaboration”. The EIIL‘S consistently ‚Eurasian‘ position; that only by collaborating as well as competing with Asia, can Europe hope to survive in something like its present condition. The EIIL‘s theory of “the intentional creation of competing environments” builds upon the experience of several European companies who are attempting to do just this already, even if this is done without any explicit theoretical foundation, but still based upon a sound intuition. Day 3 - 28th March The seminar will then briefly explore the necessary development of new ways of organising working arrangements, enabling the development of self-structuring and so self-managing groups that are far more flexible and adaptable than are existing tightly-coupled and over-managed structures. The school will hear from one current industrial Leader who recognises that if not already then within five years, any leader of industry, whether European or global, must be able to lead his team in a virtual environement, often geographically diverse, and culturally diverse. To lead teams in this way, particularly creative teams, will need particular approaches, which may draw from the self-structuring self-managing groups prevalent in the open-source software movement. One such development will be exemplified by the Water Knowledge Initiative that is currently proceeding under the ægis of the EIIL. This enterprise will be described as exemplifying at least some of the developments that Europe can expect to experience if it is to remain competitive during the coming years. Inspired by the open-source movement in software production the Waterknowledge Initiative began as an already ambitious project that was directed to: 1) Establishing a new way of working between electronically-encapsulated knowledge and human knowledge and understanding in the water sector of industry 2) Establishing a new way of working between industrial organisations and educational and research organisations in the water sector generally 3) Establishing new business models within new industrial cultures and establishing these in the water sector. At its most mundane level the immediate project was simply that of accessing existing packaged modelling systems over the Internet and then instantiating models using these systems, largely using GIS content, and thence running these models by feeding them with initial and boundary (including internal) data also over the Internet. At a somewhat deeper level, the object of this Initiative is to attract a new generation of bright young persons into this field of endeavour and to open up a new way of doing research and development with far-reaching consequences for both academia and industry. Days 4 and 5 - 29th & 30th March These last two days of the School will be used to demonstrate some simple applications of the tools so far developed and to introduce some of the many other areas of application of tools and their applications in working arrangements of this kind. These will include the facilitation of stake-holder participations in engineering projects and the introduction of mass-customised advice-serving systems for supporting organic farming and aquaculture and health care provision, directed specially to increasing markedly the standards of life in what are currently poor rural areas These examples will constantly exemplify the ever-increasingly sociotechnical nature of such applications. A particular concern here will be with the kinds of business models that are suited to the different contexts within which the existing service and the future extentions to this service will come to presence. It is clear already that any project of this kind will ‘separate the sheep from the goats’ so far as leadership qualities are concerned. Indeed, to use another metaphor, even the first stage of the WaterKnowledge Initiative will serve to separate the bean-counters from the entrepreneurs. The first of these categories, the bean- counters within the package producers will only see this Initiative as a threat, whereby one licence for a packaged installation could be used to serve many, and geographically widely distributed, transient clients, thus reducing potential package sales to these clients with no compensating remuneration for the package vendor. The entrepreneurs within the package producers on the other hand will see this Initiative as a golden opportunity to increase their penetration of the hitherto closed markets of transient users simply by introducing the institutional and technical arrangements necessary to maintain their ownership of the intellectual property that is in play and which is by right their own. That this will necessitate a major change in the attitudes, educations and outlooks of those persons working in these ways. One of the major purposes, and perhaps the most important purpose of this School, is to inculcate the beginning of an understanding of the challenge that this poses to educators and leaders of industry in this field – and of course in many other fields besides. |
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